E-government

E-government, short for electronic government, uses technology like computers and the Internet to deliver public services faster to people. It helps citizens get help from the government more easily and quickly.

E-government includes many types of digital communication. It can be between citizens and all levels of government, like city, state, or national. It also includes communication between different government agencies, between the government and its workers, and between the government and businesses. These interactions make it easier for everyone to get and share important information.

People use information and communication technology, such as websites, to connect with government services. This technology helps make government services more open and easy to use for everyone. It also helps governments improve how they work and serve the public.

Terminology

E-government, also called e-gov, electronic government, Internet governance, digital government, online government, or connected government, uses computers and the Internet to make government services faster and easier for everyone. It helps people get information and services from the government online.

E-government means using technology like the Internet to make government work better. It helps governments talk to citizens, other government parts, workers, and businesses. One big idea is transformational government, where technology changes how governments work. This can include simple information online, talking with citizens, doing things like paying taxes online, or completely changing how government jobs work.

Another idea is Government 2.0, which uses tools like websites and apps to let citizens help improve government. The government shares information and lets citizens and companies create new tools to make government work better.

E-governance is about using technology to make government better for everyone. It includes using the Internet to talk to citizens and make government services easier to use. Even without the Internet, e-government can use phones, text messages, and other tools to help people get government services.

Main article: E-governance

History

The idea of "electronic government" first appeared in 1992, along with the idea of electronic democracy. Over the past two decades, governments worldwide have used technology to improve and make public services cheaper. However, it became clear that these efforts did not always work as planned. Some projects failed completely, and many only worked partly.

Because of these challenges, the focus shifted to something called "transformational government." This means not just using technology better, but also changing how governments work to make sure public services really improve. In 2010, a group called the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards looked at common problems and found that many governments were starting to understand the bigger changes needed to make technology work well for the public. Countries like the UK and Australia are leaders in this new way of doing things.

UN e-Government Development Index

The United Nations helps countries see how well they use technology for government services. They do this every two years with a special list called the e-Government Development Index (EGDI). This list looks at 193 countries and checks three main things: how many services are online, how good the internet connections are, and how skilled the people are with technology. This helps each country know what it does well and what it can improve.

The index is made by adding up scores from these three areas and dividing by three. Many people from different countries help the United Nations collect information for this survey, making sure it includes many voices from around the world. Some people think the survey should also look at how many people can use digital tools.

Main article: UN Member States

online volunteers

digital inclusion

Delivery models and activities of e-government

E-government helps people get services from the government online. There are four main ways this works:

Government-to-citizen: This is when the government offers services to people directly. For example, citizens can visit websites to download forms or get information. In the United States, this idea started with the National Partnership for Reinventing Government in 1993.
Government-to-business: This is for businesses dealing with the government.
Government-to-government: This is when different parts of the government share information.
Government-to-employees: This is for government workers.

These services can include sharing information, talking back and forth with the government, doing tasks like paying taxes or applying for permits, and helping citizens take part in decisions. Examples of things you can do online include applying for a birth certificate, driver's license, or even paying fines and utilities.

Controversies

Disadvantages

E-government has some drawbacks. Not everyone has easy access to computers and the Internet, which can make it hard for some people to use these services. Also, the information online might not always be reliable, and there are concerns about how this affects people's opinions.

There are also issues with how much money is spent on e-government and whether it really works well. Sometimes, new technology does not fit well with old ways of doing things, leading to problems.

One big concern is that putting too much information online might make it harder for people to keep their personal details private. If governments collect too much information, it could be misused.

Not everyone can use e-government services easily. People who live far away, have money problems, or are older might struggle to access these services.

Trust in e-government depends on how well it works. If the system makes mistakes, people might lose trust in it.

Advantages

E-government aims to make government services easier, faster, and cheaper for everyone. It can help people get information quickly and do things like change their address or marital status without lots of paperwork.

It also makes it easier for people to get involved in politics and elections. Businesses can also save money and time using e-government services.

E-government can make government services more open and clear. People can see what their government is doing and give their opinions through online tools.

Using e-government can also help the environment by reducing the need for paper forms and saving energy. Services can be available anytime, making it more convenient for people to get help from the government.

People generally like e-government services and find them useful, especially for staying informed about politics and voting.

Technology-specific e-government

E-government includes different types based on technology, such as m-government (using mobile devices), u-government (available everywhere), and g-government (using GIS/GPS tools).

Governments can create online services to help people and businesses. For example, citizens can renew their vehicle registration online, and businesses can offer services usually handled by the government. This saves money and simplifies tasks for everyone.

Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube are also used by governments to connect with citizens. Governments can share updates and learn about people’s needs through these platforms. Some governments even use tools like ListServs, RSS feeds, and mobile messaging to keep citizens informed.

Some places allow online signatures for certain documents. For example, Arizona created a system in 2012 for collecting signatures online for elections, and Boulder, Colorado, started using a similar system in 2020.

By country

Africa

Egypt

Since the election of the current president, he has invested large sums of money towards sustainable energy and digitalization of the government system. Some of the problems faced are privacy, security concerns, lack of citizens' awareness, and lack of technical unified standards. Egypt has a population of approximately 100 million with various backgrounds and living conditions and access to resources. Not only does the education level of citizens vary between cities and rural areas but also within Cairo. Compared to other Arab or Middle Eastern countries, Egypt is quite behind in terms of technological developments and utilization. Recently, the government issued a law that all businesses must have electronic receipts and that all pension payments or government-citizen expenditure must be done through electronic transfers. This shows their initiative to leave behind the cash-driven economy to an electronic one.

Kenya

Following the transition from the longstanding government to a new government in December 2002, a department was established after an executive session in January 2004. The newly created department had the duty to draw the plan of action for future developments.

Like many other African nations, Kenya has embraced the high mobile penetration rate within its population. Even people living in remote areas that did not have access to traditional telecommunications' networks can now communicate with ease. The fact of the same has, and continues to have, a great impact on the governments' strategies in reaching out to its citizens. Given that about 70% of the population owns mobile phones, leading mobile network operators have taken a great step in offering services that meet citizens' demands. Such services have even appealed to the majority of Kenyans, as they support the members of the society too, in undertaking normal and secure businesses. The recent report reveals that transactions in Kenya exceeded those carried out by worldwide.

Asia

Armenia

e-government was established in 2004. E-government brings together all tools and databases created by agencies and provides a user-friendly online environment for users. It includes more than twenty services and tools. Under this initiative, sections are available for the first time. There are also twenty other tools, including search engines, allowing to find the Government's and the Prime Minister's decisions, the agenda of the next cabinet sitting, information on the state purchases, the electronic tax reporting system, the online application system, the information search system, as well as the Electronic Signature and Electronic Visa sections. It is worth mentioning that the Electronic Signature is used in several other services when a user wants to submit an application or receive information. The Electronic Signature is universal system and is used both by the state officials and by citizens, legal entities.

This system allows companies to submit an application for obtaining or terminating licenses regarding various activities. It also provides other services in respect of already obtained license.
The Report Acceptance System for licensed persons enables to submit any report on licensed activities.
Electronic Payment System effectively processes online payments. This application is designed specifically for charging the state fees, local fees, the administrative penalties or services provided by state and local governmental bodies. Payments can be made by , , and local systems.
The system enables to submit an application to the property and receives information on landowners, the surface of a plot of land, legal status of any property. The state electronic payment system is integrated into this tool. Online applications for registration of rights and restrictions and related documents may be submitted by users who have a digital signature.
In 2016, the Ministry of Justice of Armenia developed Legal Drafts' Database. It is designed particularly for publication any draft initiated by the government or member of Parliament. The database can be accessed through a website, which provides the possibility of presenting the legal acts' drafts to the public, organizing online discussions, and as a consequence, the active participation of representatives of civil society in the lawmaking process. The website enables them to search legal drafts, follow their further progress, and become familiar with the presented suggestions. The registered users can present suggestions, become informed with the "summary paper" of the suggestions to the draft, the adopted suggestions or the reasoning concerning the not adopted ones.
The system enables registration of legal entities, such as limited liability companies, joint-stock companies, foundations, and self-employed entrepreneurs. On average, it takes twenty minutes to register a company depending on the entity's type. State fees can be paid through E-Payments system. The system also allows users to track the submitted applications and search existing companies as well as purchase full information about any company, including information about shareholders.
This system allows users to find cases, search for laws of Armenia, as well as to follow the schedule of court hearings.
The system is designed for public announcements. The state authorities are obliged to make public announcements under certain circumstances stipulated by law.
This tool simplifies the tax declaration process for both taxpayers and tax authorities. Any natural person or legal entity can submit tax declaration verifying it by electronic signature.
Online submission of patent and trademark applications using electronic signature.
This application enables the process of obtaining a visa through an electronic application. Visas are issued within two days.
The system allows users to verify the identity of the user and protect the submitted application. Any resident of Armenia, either a natural person or legal entity, can obtain an electronic signature and use it while applying e-government systems.

Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

The e-government web portal has been developed to provide more convenient access to various government services and information through one window. Services can now be delivered to people at their convenience, and more importantly, now have a lot more weight on transparency and accountability of public services.

China

According to of Fujian Province, digital Transformation was firstly proposed by in 2012, which enhances the application of digital technology to reshape customer value propositions and emphasizes the customer interaction and collaboration.

The Chinese government has added "Digital Economy" to its "Government Work Report" for four consecutive years from 2017, and proposed in the 14th to outline the "Use digital transformation to drive changes in production methods, lifestyles and governance methods as a whole".

Furthermore, digital transformation has been elevated to a national strategy from enterprise (organization) level.

The Chinese government's official website for e-government is eGovernment.gov.cn, maintained by or .

Hong Kong

Ever since the sovereign handover in 1997, Hong Kong has been improving in technology and e-governance.

India

The E-Governance initiatives and programs in India are undertaken by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY www.meity.gov.in). The current umbrella program for e-governance of Government of India is known by the title "DIGITAL INDIA" (www.digitalindia.gov.in)

Indian government has launched many e-governance initiatives, including a portal for public grievance, , e-Filing of income tax, e-gazette, and their overall policy.

Indonesia

E-government in Indonesia is developing, especially in central and regional/local government offices. E-government was officially introduced to public administration by Presidential Directive No 6/2001 on Telematics, which states that the government of Indonesia has to use telematics technology to support good governance. Furthermore, e-government should have been introduced for different purposes in government offices. As one of the ISO member countries, Indonesia gives more attention to facilitating the activities of standardization. Among of the facilities provided are building the National information system of standardization and Indonesia Standardization Information Network . As of 2017, ministries, institutions and local governments of Indonesia used to run separate e-government systems, which is now integrated into a centrally based system. In 2017, the government has also undertaken programs for digitization of SMEs and the informal sector. Many of the cities across Indonesia, including , , , and , are implementing concepts, consisting of e-government, e-health, e-education, e-logistics and e-procurement as priority areas.

Iran

In 2002, Iran published a detailed report named in which it was predicted that most of the government bodies would try to virtualize their services as soon as possible. However, based on the reports by UN bodies, Iran has failed in recent years to meet the average standards of e-government. In 2008, the Supreme Council of Information released a report which criticized the government for its poor advancement in employing new communication technologies for administration purposes.

In 2016, Iran launched the National Information Network and improved the quality and speed of Internet access. In 2017, Iran introduced phase one of e-government including E-Tax, E-Customs, E-Visa, E-Government Portal, and a mobile application to modernize Iran's government services.

The Iranian government plans to introduce other phases of e-gov soon.

Iraq

The Iraqi e-government citizen program was established to "eliminate bribery and favoritism and end the citizens' suffering in going back repeatedly to directories". The interface lets the citizen send requests and complaints; it can also be used for issuing identity cards, driving licenses and passports.

Jordan

Jordan established its e-government program in 2002. Many governmental services are provisioned online.

Kazakhstan

The e-government portal egov.kz was launched in 2012 as part of Kazakhstan's effort to modernize how citizens access government services and information. It offers all possible services that can be provided by the state for citizens and businesses such as education, health care, social security, job placement and employment, tax issues, legal assistance. It is currently at the transformational stage of development. The main goal of egov.kz is to maximize efficiency. For instance, users can register birth of a child, while simultaneously resolving all related issues—applying for benefits and putting the child on the waiting list for kindergarten.
The egov.kz mobile app was recognized as best app in the GovTechioneers competition at the 2017 World Government Summit in Dubai. At the WSIS Prizes 2017 (World Summit on the Information Society contest), three projects from the Republic of Kazakhstan were announced champions: e-Government, Open Government, and Integrated Call Center 1414.

Projects of the e-government:

"E-licensing" information system – Created to automate the processes of licensing and permits and to ensure an effective and transparent mechanism for information interaction between government agencies – licensors and the business community of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
"E-notary" – Developed with the aim to improve the control over the activity of notary officers and optimize their work. The system involves registration of notary activities in electronic register and brings benefit to all the participants of juridical acts. "E-notary" system allows notary officers to check authenticity of the documents, get valid real estate data, maintain records of inheritance cases and goodwill.
Open Government – The Open Government consists of the following components: Open Data, Open RLA, Open Dialogue, Open Budgets, as well as Assessment of the Effectiveness of Government Agencies.
eGov Mobile mobile application – Designed to provide public services and e-government services via smartphones. Citizens can log in using digital signature or a .
Chatbots at Telegram, Facebook and Vkontakte – Chatbots based on artificial intelligence were created to automate consultation of the most frequently requested public services of the e-government portal.
Smart Bridge – The project aimed at simplification of organizational procedures for integration, interaction of government bodies with business and the development of a competitive environment.
Saqbol mobile app – Created to control the spread of , as well as to timely localize infection sites using the Exposure Notification (notification system on the risk of contagion from Google and Apple). The app is designed to anonymously track contacts with other devices that have the same app installed, and store encrypted records of interaction with them.

Malaysia

In Malaysia, the e-government efforts are undertaken by the Malaysian government, under the umbrella of Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and e-government flagships, which was launched in mid-1996, by , by the then .

Electronic government is an initiative aimed at reinventing how the government works. It seeks to improve how the government operates, as well as how it delivers services to the people (Ibrahim Ariff & Goh Chen Chuan, 2000).

Myanmar

The (Burmese- ) (YCDC) is the administrative body of Yangon, and Yangon is the largest city and former capital of . The consists of 20 departments. Its headquarters was on the .

In 2003, YCDC was organized to provide e-government for Yangon City. The main purposes of the city's e-government program are to provide easy access between the government and the city's citizens via the Internet, to reduce paper usage, to reduce the city budget, to build the city's fiber ring, to provide timely public information, to store public data and to develop and expand G2G, G2C, G2B, and G2E programs.

In January 2013, responsibility for e-government was divided between the e-Government Administration Committee and the e-Government Processing Committee. The e-Government Administration Committee includes the Mayor of Yangon City as Chief, the General Secretary of Yangon City as Sub-Chief, and the other 20 head of department officers as chairmen. The e-Government Processing Committee includes the Head of Public Relation and Information Department as Chief and the other 20 deputy head of department officers as chairmen.

The official web-portal is .

Mandalay is the second-largest city and the last royal capital of Myanmar (Burma). In 2014, Mandalay Region Government developed www.mdyregion.gov.mm to know about regional government and their activities to people.

Mandalay Region Government organized the e-Government Steering Committee on 23 June 2016. That committee chairman was U Sai Kyaw Zaw, Minister, Ministry of Ethnic Affairs.

On 21 July 2017, www.emandalay.gov.mm web portal was opened by Dr. Zaw Myint Maung, Prime Minister of Mandalay Region Government. That portal includes 2 e-services, 199 topics from 70 agencies. The committee develops a Regional Data Center, too. That Datacenter will be opened in 2018.

Nepal

The e-government planning and conceptual framework has been presented to Nepal in extensive support from the Government of Korea (KIPA). E-government Vision is "The Value Networking Nepal" through

Citizen-centered service
Transparent service
Networked government
Knowledge-based society

Nepal's e-government mission statement is "Improve the quality of people's lives without any discrimination, transcending regional and racial differences, and realize socio-economic development by building a transparent government and providing value-added quality services through ICT."

The e-government practice has been slow both in adoption and practice in Nepal. However, local government bodies now have dedicated team of ICT Volunteers working towards implementing e-government in the country through an extensive ICT for Local Bodies initiatives.

Saudi Arabia

Main article:

In 2015, the launched the e-service application known as . The application allows the people of the Kingdom to access more than 279 different government services from their smartphones, without the need to queue or for the inefficiencies of bureaucracy.

Some e-services that can be completed by way of the application include

Passport Services
Traffic Services
Expatriate Affairs Services
Civil Affairs Services
Authorizations
General Directorate of Prisons
Public Prosecution
Public Security
(Ministry of Interior)
General Services
Information Services

E-government encompasses more than twenty tools and databases providing public services.

Another application that has been launched is . This application was created by the in order for the government to better counteract against . Initially, the application was created so as to issue permits to those who were required to commute to work during lockdown. Now, it is being used for travel; entering commercial buildings, hospitals, and schools within the Kingdom; setting vaccine appointments; and tracing.

South Korea

Announced in 2013 with "an ambitious plan to allow wider public access to government data to improve the transparency of state affairs", this initiative includes citizen-centered government innovation, core values of openness, sharing, communication, collaboration for all areas of governing, customized services to individual citizens, which will create jobs and support creative economy.

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka have taken some initiative actions to provide the benefits of e-government to the citizens.

Thailand

To implement the principles of e-government, the Ministry of Information and Telecommunication Technologies of Thailand developed a plan for creating a modern e-services system during 2009–2014.

The next stage was the five-year project of the digital government, which began in 2016 and will be completed in 2021. This project assumes that within five years, more than 80% of Thai government agencies will use electronic documents for identification.

There is the Unified State Portal of e-Government of Thailand, developed by the Ministry of Information and Telecommunications Technology in 2008.

In 2018, Thailand ranks 73rd in the UN e-government ranking.

United Arab Emirates

In the , the is designed for e-government operations.

Pakistan

Main article:

In 2014, the created the National Information Technology Board under the Ministry of Information Technology & Telecom to enable a digital eco-system for government services to the citizens of Pakistan. NITB was formed as a result of a merger between Pakistan Computer Bureau (PCB) and Electronic Government Directorate (EGD).

The key functions identified by the NITB are

Provide technical guidance for the introduction of e-governance in the federal government.
Suggest the efficient and cost-effective implementation of e-government programs in the federal ministries/divisions.
To carry out a training needs assessment and design and implement the identified IT programs for the employees of federal ministries/divisions.
Review the status of e-government readiness regularly to ensure sustainable, accelerated digitization and relevant human resource development.
Identify the areas where IT interventions can be helpful and to suggest measures for the automation of these areas through Business Process Re-engineering (BPR).

NITB rolled out an e-Office Suite across various ministries in the . While it clearly pursued efficiency gains and improved transparency, it also hoped to deliver "efficient and cost-effective public services to citizens of Pakistan." The suite primarily included five modules or applications across all the ministries. Description of each module listed are

Internal Communication Module
HR Management Module
Inventory & Procurement Management Module
Project Management Module
Finance Budget Module

NITB released a high-level diagram that describes the process of transforming federal government agencies and ministries to e-office environments.

Criticism: NITB's rollout of the e-Office suite across almost all federal agencies is not only overly ambitious but also likely to fail. It seems to put together a lot of lofty organizational efficiency goals with a set of delivery or citizen-facing targets. In fact, most of the services NITB has provided have been largely conceptual and not sufficient concrete. The process outlined in the adoption process diagram seems devoid of any user-centric design or value proposition formulation. Instead of creating many MVPs (Minimum Viable Products) and taking advantage of an iterative and validated learning the process, the e-Office Suite seems to incorporate all the features and functions that various ministries and divisions may need or use. It seems to focus more on the needs of the bureaucrats and government agencies rather than the needs of the end-user (citizens of Pakistan) and what services would they need that a ministry or division can provide.

Europe

Further information:

Germany

E-government (from (en) electronic government, (de) e-government, rarely eGovernment) refers to the simplification, implementation and support of processes for information, communication and transaction within and between state, municipal and other official institutions and between these institutions and citizens or companies and organizations through the use of digital information and communication technologies (ICT).

The legal basis in Germany for federal authorities is the Electronic Government Act (EGovG). Some of the federal states have their own e-government laws.

Poland

The first discussions in Poland on e-government in Europe began with a report published in 1994 by the European Commission, entitled "Europe and the Global Information Society Recommendations to the Council of Europe" (named after one of the authors of the Bangemann Report). It showed the direction of the development of the global information society in Europe. Since then, the concept of e-government has become a permanent fixture in the issues raised in the EU as a component of eEurope.

In Poland, the year 2000 should be considered the beginning of e-government. It was then that the Scientific Research Committee prepared a document based on seven expert opinions, which was published under the collective title "Global Information Society in the conditions of Poland's Accession to the European Union". Today, we know the material as an official document of the Scientific Research Committee and the Ministry of Communications entitled "Goals and directions of development of the information society in Poland". In 2000, the Sejm also adopted a resolution on building the information society, and then in 2001, passed an act important for the development of e-government: introducing the Public Information Bulletin (BIP), the Act on access to public information, and the act on electronic signature, regulating the issue of e-signature. The next step in the development of e-management was the preparation of the ePoland document, containing an action plan for the development of the information society in Poland, which was modeled on the European eEurope development plan. This document was last updated in 2002. The next version of this strategy was called ePolska-2006. The adoption of this document resulted in the preparation by the Scientific Research Committee of the preliminary concept of the Gateway to Poland project (a central IT system, the task of which was to provide administrative services for citizens and business entities by electronic means) and the document The Strategy for Informatisation of the Republic of Poland-ePoland.

Russia

Main article:

On the Federal Law "On providing state and municipal services" (2010), the strategy on development of Information Society in the Russian Federation, approved by the President (2008), the Federal target programme "Electronic Russia" (2002–2010), approved by the government (2002), the State Programme "Information Society" (2010), the Procedure on development and approval of administrative regulations execution of public functions (public services), approved by the government (2005), the concept of administrative reform in the Russian Federation in 2006 and 2010 respectively, approved by the government (2005), on other orders, resolutions and acts in the Russian Federation was created electronic government (or e-government).

The main target on creating e-government lies in the field of providing equal opportunities for all the Russians in spite of their living place and their incomes and make a more effective system of public administration. So e-government is created for reaching the useful system of public management accommodating the individual interests of every citizen by participation through ICTs in public policymaking.

Nowadays, Russian e-government includes such systems as

The united interagency interacting system using for providing of state and municipal services, exchange of information and data between participants of interagency interacting, quick approval of state and municipal decisions, etc.
The united system for authentication and authorization providing evidence of the rights of all participants of e-government.
The united portal of state and municipal services and functions which are the "single window" for all information and services assured by government and municipals.

The portal of public services is one of the key elements of the project to create an "electronic government" in the country. The portal provides a single point of access to all references on state and municipal services through the Internet and provides citizens and organizations the opportunity to receive these services electronically. Monthly visits by users of the public services portal range between 200,000 and 700,000. For example, citizens are now able to obtain or exchange a driver's license through this portal.

4. Head system providing utilization of electronic signature.

Other systems located on cloud services, since cloud computing has been a useful tool for e-government according to researchers.

Today Russian e-government elements are demanded in the spheres of e-governance, e-services (e-health, e-education, e-library, etc.), e-commerce, e-democracy (web-election, Russian public initiative). By the United Nations E-Government Survey 2012, e-Government for the People Russia became one of the 7 emerging leaders in e-government development, took ninth place in rating of e-government development in largest population countries, and took 8th rank in top e-participation leaders, after Norway, Sweden and Chile, Advancing 32 positions in the world rankings, the Russian Federation became the leader of e-government in Eastern Europe. Evolution of ICT in the Russian Federation provided the raising of Russia in e-government development index to the 27 places.

Turkey

is the use of digital technology to improve service efficiency and effectiveness in Turkey.

As of December 2020, 700 government agencies offers 5,338 applications to 51,757,237 million users. The mobile application offers 2,850 services.

Ukraine

The main coordinating government body in matters of e-government is established in 2019. In 2020, it launched the which allows Ukrainians to use various kinds of documents (including and passports) via their smartphones as well as to access various government services with the plans to make all governmental services available by 2023.

United Kingdom

Transformational Government: Enabled by Technology, 2005, stated that "the future of public services has to use technology to give citizens choice, with personalised services designed around their needs not the needs of the provider".

A major report published by the House of Commons in July 2011 addressed of by the government and found there was an overreliance "on a small 'oligopoly' of large suppliers". The report introduced its summary with the observation that

[D]espite a number of successful initiatives, government's overall record in developing and implementing new IT systems is appalling.

However, an initiative introduced in 2011 which enables people to notify a number of central and local government departments about a birth or death at the same time, called "", has been welcomed as "a fine example of innovation and best practice, a dynamic and inspiring model".

North America

Canada

Main article:

The current – the head of the federal public service has made workplace renewal a pillar of overall public service renewal. The key to workplace renewal is the adoption of collaborative networked tools. An example of such a tool is – a wiki platform for federal public servants. Other tools include GCconnex, a social networking tool, and GCforums, a discussion board system.

Report of the Auditor General of Canada: Chapter 1 Information Technology: Government On-Line 2003: "One of the key principles of Government On-Line is that programs and services will be transformed to reflect the needs and expectations of clients and citizens. From the government's perspective, the overall objective of the GOL initiative is full service transformation – to fundamentally change the way the government operates and to deliver better services to Canadians."

United States

South America

Brazil

The goal defined in the Digital Government Strategy is to reach the total digitization of services by the end of 2022.

"The main objective of the digital government is to bring citizens closer to the State. Technologies allow us to see each Brazilian better, including those who feel excluded, to direct public policies in a much more agile and efficient way and to reach mainly those who need it most", emphasizes the Digital Government secretary of the Ministry of Economy, Luís Felipe Monteiro.

International initiatives

Many global organizations now help governments use technology to improve services. For example, the World Bank started an eTransform Initiative with help from big tech companies. This program shares ideas and tips to make government services better and safer for everyone.

Other groups have also created guides to help governments change and improve. In September 2010, OASIS began a new project to make a global standard for how governments can change effectively using technology. This standard includes clear steps and rules to help make these changes work well.

Terminology

History

UN e-Government Development Index

Delivery models and activities of e-government

Controversies

Disadvantages

Advantages

Technology-specific e-government

By country

Africa

Egypt

Kenya

Asia

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

China

Hong Kong

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Malaysia

Myanmar

Nepal

Saudi Arabia

South Korea

Sri Lanka

Thailand

United Arab Emirates

Pakistan

Europe

Germany

Poland

Russia

Turkey

Ukraine

United Kingdom

North America

Canada

United States

South America

Brazil

International initiatives

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