Nest box

A nest box, also spelled nestbox, is a man-made enclosure for animals to nest in. Nest boxes are most often used for birds, and are called birdhouses or birdboxes. Some mammals, like bats, can also use them. Putting up nest boxes helps protect animal populations.

Nest boxes have been used since Roman times. People began using them to help animals in the mid-1700s.

Today, nest boxes are important because human activities have changed many natural places where animals live. These changes make it harder for birds to find safe spots to raise their young. Nest boxes can help protect birds and keep their numbers healthy. This helped scarlet macaws in the Peruvian Amazon.

Construction

Nest boxes are usually made from wood. Some birds, like the purple martin, use metal ones. You can also make them from a mix of wood and concrete, called woodcrete. These boxes need a sloped roof, a floor that lets water drain, holes for air, and a way to clean them inside.

The size and shape of the entrance hole decide which birds can use the nest box. Small holes attract tiny birds, while bigger holes suit larger ones like ducks or owls. Where the box is placed — its height and direction — also matters. Some birds like shady spots, while others like sunny places.

Bat boxes look different from bird nest boxes, with a larger opening on the bottom. They help some bat species, but they need the right placement and care to work well.

Other animals

Nest boxes are not just for birds; they can also be used by butterflies and mammals like squirrels and opossums. These boxes can give animals a place to rest, have babies, or sleep through winter.

Sometimes, insects like wasps or bumble-bees might use a nest box meant for another animal. This can change which animals can use the box.